ris3n's Apologetics Codex
Amos 1.9
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Passage

Amos 1.9

Book: Amos · NASB95

Immediate context (±2 verses)

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ASV

7. But I will send a fire on the wall of Gaza, and it shall devour the palaces thereof. 8. And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon; and I will turn my hand against Ekron; and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, saith the Lord Jehovah.

9. Thus saith Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole people to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

  1. but I will send a fire on the wall of Tyre, and it shall devour the palaces thereof. 11. Thus saith Jehovah: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever: (Amos 1:7-11, ASV)
WEB

7. but I will send a fire on the wall of Gaza, and it will devour its palaces. 8. I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him who holds the scepter from Ashkelon; and I will turn my hand against Ekron; and the remnant of the Philistines will perish,” says the Lord Yahweh.

9. Yahweh says: “For three transgressions of Tyre, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they delivered up the whole community to Edom, and didn’t remember the brotherly covenant;

  1. but I will send a fire on the wall of Tyre, and it will devour its palaces.” 11. Yahweh says: “For three transgressions of Edom, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because he pursued his brother with the sword, and cast off all pity, and his anger raged continually, and he kept his wrath forever; (Amos 1:7-11, WEB)
KJV

7. But I will send a fire on the wall of Gaza, which shall devour the palaces thereof: 8. And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon, and I will turn mine hand against Ekron: and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, saith the Lord GOD.

9. Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant: the brotherly: Heb. the covenant of brethren

  1. But I will send a fire on the wall of Tyrus, which shall devour the palaces thereof. 11. Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever: did cast: Heb. corrupted his compassions (Amos 1:7-11, KJV)
YLT

7. And I have sent a fire against the wall of Gaza, And it hath consumed her palaces; 8. And I have cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, And a holder of a sceptre from Ashkelon, And have turned back My hand against Ekron, And perished have the remnant of the Philistines, Said the Lord Jehovah.

9. Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of their delivering up a complete captivity to Edom, And they remembered not the brotherly covenant,

  1. And I have sent a fire against the wall of Tyre, And it hath consumed her palaces. 11. Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Edom, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of his pursuing with a sword his brother, And he hath destroyed his mercies, And tear perpetually doth his anger, And his wrath, he hath kept it for ever, (Amos 1:7-11, YLT)

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Setting

  • Speaker: Amos of Tekoa, a herdsman (noqed, sheep breeder) and tender of sycamore figs from Judah, speaking the word of the LORD. Here he pronounces the third of eight oracles against the nations (1:3-2:16).
  • Audience: Formally addressed to Tyre, the Phoenician trading city on the coast north of Israel, but spoken in the hearing of Israel, whose own indictment the series of oracles is building toward (Amos 2:6-16).
  • Location: Delivered in the northern kingdom, principally at Bethel, the royal sanctuary and state temple (Amos 7:13).
  • Time period: c. 760-750 BC, in the reigns of Uzziah of Judah and Jeroboam II of Israel, "two years before the earthquake" (Amos 1:1). Amos is generally reckoned the earliest of the writing prophets.

Theological reading

The same trade, a heavier aggravation. Tyre is charged with the crime already laid against Gaza (1:6), delivering "up the whole people to Edom," with one addition: they "remembered not the brotherly covenant." Tyre was a merchant power, and the charge fits a city that handled captives as cargo.

Which covenant? The text does not say. Many interpreters connect it with the treaty between Hiram king of Tyre and Solomon: "there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a league together" (1 Kings 5:12), and Hiram addressed Solomon as "my brother" (1 Kings 9:13). If so, Tyre sold into slavery a people it had sworn friendship with. Whichever treaty is meant, the point stands: a broken sworn obligation is guilt before God, not only a matter of politics.

Walls do not protect. "I will send a fire on the wall of Tyre, and it shall devour the palaces thereof" (1:10). The refrain of the whole series falls on a city famous for its fortifications.

Key words

Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word.

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Quoted in

Arguments and defeaters:

Concepts:

Notes

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Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

  • ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
  • WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
  • KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
  • YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.